Much like a palimpsest, Berlin has multiple layers of history accrued within its buildings, memorials, ruins, and topography. While this palimpsest-like quality is one that extends to countless cities, Berlin stands out for the extent to which it has been transformed by four major developments in twentieth century politics. The first was the rise of National Socialism, which, following the party’s 1933 assumption of power on a national level, resulted in the construction of new and often monumental buildings; a planned but largely unrealized expansion of the city; as well as the destruction and desecration of synagogues as part of the country’s systematic persecution of Jews. The second major development was World War II, which resulted in extremely heavy bombing and, after Germany’s 1945 defeat, Berlin’s division into four sectors controlled by the war’s victorious powers. A third and closely related development, which occurred a dozen years after the 1949 founding of East and West Germany, involved the construction of the Berlin wall, which physically cut off West Berlin from East Berlin and East Germany more generally. A final development was Germany’s 1990 reunification, which resulted in the dissolution of barriers between East and West Germany as well as Berlin’s new role as the reunified country’s capital.
Over the course of roughly a week, we will explore a range of sites that shed light on Berlin’s multiple historical layers. Some of these sites will include landmark buildings, museums, monuments and memorials, documentation centers, as well as various traces of the city’s destruction and division in Berlin’s sprawling topography. Besides visiting such historically charged sites, we will also discover the city’s exceptionally rich array of art museums and galleries, since both the works themselves and the buildings in which they appear nuance our understanding of the pivotal role that art has assumed both in Berlin’s history and the ways that we remember the decisive events that occurred within and beyond its borders.